Automated management systems of maintenance: A course of the instruction Part one: Challenges and devices
Inflation occurs when a money abundance exists compared to the goods. This creates an artificial request while the consumers accelerate their purchases to avoid future raising of priceses. The suppliers, competing with to satisfy this request, confront the provisional lacks of capacity which they reduce while shifting of the resources to the goods of high-margin and by increasing the prices of the goods of low-margin. Moreover, they accelerate purchases of material to avoid lacks and to avoid future raising of priceses. These actions create the additional request of the goods, perpetuating the inflationary cycle.
Today 'of the systems of ERP of S.A. come from the techniques material requirements planning (MRP) and of planning for the means of manufacture (MRP-II) developed the Seventies and beginning of the year 80. They concentrate on improving exactitude, the speed and the visibility of shorts to the medium-term decisions of planning and attribution of resource, improving of this fact management the 'capacity of S of taking with confidence of the advantageous commercial decisions. They also concentrate on operating costs of minimization, and to maximize shorts with the medium-term incomes, by the coordination and the execution improved of the daily activities of sales, technology, supply, production, logistics, maintenance and accountancy. In short, they are conceived to maximize benefit by timing events of businesses so much exactly that productive resources are affected also late like possible, but to miss never advantageous commercial possibilities too late.
They are very important commercial problems for inflationary periods, because one or two avoidable, lacks of critical resource could mean missed sale and reduced the capacity to recover fixed costs. For example, the accidental excessive engagement of a work-center of neck or a ship of forwarding can delay the arrival of the end products and make stop the ascending work-centers until the arrear is released. The cost of ascending capacity underutilized is still incurred, even if the cause of delays of production or forwarding lost or delayed incomes.
The prices stabilize or fall when an abundance of goods exists compared to the money. This reduces the request artificially while the consumers still give their purchases in forecast of the low prices. The suppliers, challenge to recover their fixed costs, have the surplus now. They answer by reducing the prices of the goods, particularly their products of high-margin, in order to stimulate sales. Moreover, they slow down their own purchases of material employ-towards the top existing stocks, and await future reductions in the prices. These different actions give the request for goods, preparing the ground for a deflationary cycle.
With this writing, Asia and other areas under development recover acute recession slowly and strong deflationary pressure, whereas other areas (in particular, the United States) continue to appreciate the robust growth and modest inflation. This imbalance created a combination of inflationist as well as deflationary pressures in the whole world. For example, the demand of the goods remains keen in the United States because the purchasers there always have inflationary anticipations. The Asian suppliers reduced prices in order to amplify sales of export and to use the surplus.
If, as much of believe, the world is in the transition from inflation to the stability of price or perhaps deflation, how the priorities of businesses they will be affected front, during, and after the transition? How the changes of the priorities of businesses affect will conditions of system of ERP?
Principles (JIT) just in time became procedure of standard management for inflationary periods. Primarily, the reiterated purchase and the delivery of JIT are the tactics to protect itself from raising of priceses while the inventory-transport of minimization costs. The purchasers negotiate the fixed-price reiterate-provide the contracts which are achieved and paid during more life of the contract by periodic forwardings timed to meet the real need of goods.
The stability of price makes such hedges useless, and deflation makes them strongly not very lucrative. But the purchasers will be under still a greater pressure to maintain inventories low, since the value of the inventories remains the same one or depreciates compared to the money cash. Consequently, the purchasers will insist on the immediate delivery of minor amounts all the times that they can, at the prices on the spot, although some suppliers succeed in selling great quantities for the immediate delivery by the offer provisional reductions price, particularly during the transitional period. For all these reasons, systems (order-based) discrete of supply and realization can be envisaged to regain popularity lost with the systems (program-based) reiterated for inflationary periods.
At the same time, of the purchasers and the salesmen can be envisaged to supervise prices on the spot competing more vigilant than front. The growing popularity of the reversed biddings, the data storing and the exploitation of data testify with the increasing demand of such a commercial information. The request will increase quickly so that powerful engines of research and the technology of company to company of e-business solicits and for extract good information rate in top.
The importance to envisage systems for shorts with medium-term planning is likely to decrease. For inflationary periods, the suppliers had the practice of the forecasts, the orders of customer and future reiterated engagements of program to envisage the capacity as well as the material lacks. The exactitude of forecast is critical with the suitable synchronization of the events of businesses when the lacks of capacity exist, but becomes nonrelevant when the idle capacity is abundant.
The inflation made it advantageous so that the suppliers are selective about what they were sold, and to which. When the persistent lacks of capacity exist, of the benefit are maximized by the products low-margin suspension and the customers rewarding of high-margin. Measurements of execution such as economic Value-are added (EVA), used in the systems of report sophisticated of sales, of profitability of product and profitability of customer, evolved/moved to address this condition. The suppliers are likely to give up this tactic once confronted with the surplus, more is early the best, and drives out in the place for all that new customers as they can.
The request will develop so that data storing, of the search engines, the management of occasion (WHO), the management of report/ratio of customer (CRM) and the systems of collaboration of e-business help the personnel of sale to identify and qualify new customers quickly. The improved sales incentive, the technology of sales and the tools of configuration of product will be also necessary to find and enclose new businesses of customer faster than competition.
During inflationary periods, non-productive money of interest which had by the commercial debtors should be as soon as possible gathered in order to maximize its purchasing power, and of the non-productive money of interest due to the commercial creditors should be paid also late outside like possible. Enter, this money can be invested in the instruments or the short-term products supporting of the relatively high yields, since the inflation of par is matched with more raised interest rates and values of the products. With time, much the handing-over treating, management of fortunes sophisticated and protecting the tools evolved/moved to answer this requirement.
In periods of the regular prices or fall, there is no particular incentive to gather more money of the debtors commercial of solvent than is necessary to meet current engagements. The relative advantages of the sophisticated handing-over treating, the management of fortunes and protecting from the tools are further decreased because of lower interest rates typically related to the stability of price. But the request of the tools improved of management of the credit and the up to date data of solvency is likely to increase, because of the risk that more customers will be in financial problems. The keen demand of the sophisticated tools for arbitration can also be envisaged during the transition, because of the instability of arbitration and currency caused by interregional imbalances
Today 'of the systems of ERP of S.A. come from the techniques material requirements planning (MRP) and of planning for the means of manufacture (MRP-II) developed the Seventies and beginning of the year 80. They concentrate on improving exactitude, the speed and the visibility of shorts to the medium-term decisions of planning and attribution of resource, improving of this fact management the 'capacity of S of taking with confidence of the advantageous commercial decisions. They also concentrate on operating costs of minimization, and to maximize shorts with the medium-term incomes, by the coordination and the execution improved of the daily activities of sales, technology, supply, production, logistics, maintenance and accountancy. In short, they are conceived to maximize benefit by timing events of businesses so much exactly that productive resources are affected also late like possible, but to miss never advantageous commercial possibilities too late.
They are very important commercial problems for inflationary periods, because one or two avoidable, lacks of critical resource could mean missed sale and reduced the capacity to recover fixed costs. For example, the accidental excessive engagement of a work-center of neck or a ship of forwarding can delay the arrival of the end products and make stop the ascending work-centers until the arrear is released. The cost of ascending capacity underutilized is still incurred, even if the cause of delays of production or forwarding lost or delayed incomes.
The prices stabilize or fall when an abundance of goods exists compared to the money. This reduces the request artificially while the consumers still give their purchases in forecast of the low prices. The suppliers, challenge to recover their fixed costs, have the surplus now. They answer by reducing the prices of the goods, particularly their products of high-margin, in order to stimulate sales. Moreover, they slow down their own purchases of material employ-towards the top existing stocks, and await future reductions in the prices. These different actions give the request for goods, preparing the ground for a deflationary cycle.
With this writing, Asia and other areas under development recover acute recession slowly and strong deflationary pressure, whereas other areas (in particular, the United States) continue to appreciate the robust growth and modest inflation. This imbalance created a combination of inflationist as well as deflationary pressures in the whole world. For example, the demand of the goods remains keen in the United States because the purchasers there always have inflationary anticipations. The Asian suppliers reduced prices in order to amplify sales of export and to use the surplus.
If, as much of believe, the world is in the transition from inflation to the stability of price or perhaps deflation, how the priorities of businesses they will be affected front, during, and after the transition? How the changes of the priorities of businesses affect will conditions of system of ERP?
Principles (JIT) just in time became procedure of standard management for inflationary periods. Primarily, the reiterated purchase and the delivery of JIT are the tactics to protect itself from raising of priceses while the inventory-transport of minimization costs. The purchasers negotiate the fixed-price reiterate-provide the contracts which are achieved and paid during more life of the contract by periodic forwardings timed to meet the real need of goods.
The stability of price makes such hedges useless, and deflation makes them strongly not very lucrative. But the purchasers will be under still a greater pressure to maintain inventories low, since the value of the inventories remains the same one or depreciates compared to the money cash. Consequently, the purchasers will insist on the immediate delivery of minor amounts all the times that they can, at the prices on the spot, although some suppliers succeed in selling great quantities for the immediate delivery by the offer provisional reductions price, particularly during the transitional period. For all these reasons, systems (order-based) discrete of supply and realization can be envisaged to regain popularity lost with the systems (program-based) reiterated for inflationary periods.
At the same time, of the purchasers and the salesmen can be envisaged to supervise prices on the spot competing more vigilant than front. The growing popularity of the reversed biddings, the data storing and the exploitation of data testify with the increasing demand of such a commercial information. The request will increase quickly so that powerful engines of research and the technology of company to company of e-business solicits and for extract good information rate in top.
The importance to envisage systems for shorts with medium-term planning is likely to decrease. For inflationary periods, the suppliers had the practice of the forecasts, the orders of customer and future reiterated engagements of program to envisage the capacity as well as the material lacks. The exactitude of forecast is critical with the suitable synchronization of the events of businesses when the lacks of capacity exist, but becomes nonrelevant when the idle capacity is abundant.
The inflation made it advantageous so that the suppliers are selective about what they were sold, and to which. When the persistent lacks of capacity exist, of the benefit are maximized by the products low-margin suspension and the customers rewarding of high-margin. Measurements of execution such as economic Value-are added (EVA), used in the systems of report sophisticated of sales, of profitability of product and profitability of customer, evolved/moved to address this condition. The suppliers are likely to give up this tactic once confronted with the surplus, more is early the best, and drives out in the place for all that new customers as they can.
The request will develop so that data storing, of the search engines, the management of occasion (WHO), the management of report/ratio of customer (CRM) and the systems of collaboration of e-business help the personnel of sale to identify and qualify new customers quickly. The improved sales incentive, the technology of sales and the tools of configuration of product will be also necessary to find and enclose new businesses of customer faster than competition.
During inflationary periods, non-productive money of interest which had by the commercial debtors should be as soon as possible gathered in order to maximize its purchasing power, and of the non-productive money of interest due to the commercial creditors should be paid also late outside like possible. Enter, this money can be invested in the instruments or the short-term products supporting of the relatively high yields, since the inflation of par is matched with more raised interest rates and values of the products. With time, much the handing-over treating, management of fortunes sophisticated and protecting the tools evolved/moved to answer this requirement.
In periods of the regular prices or fall, there is no particular incentive to gather more money of the debtors commercial of solvent than is necessary to meet current engagements. The relative advantages of the sophisticated handing-over treating, the management of fortunes and protecting from the tools are further decreased because of lower interest rates typically related to the stability of price. But the request of the tools improved of management of the credit and the up to date data of solvency is likely to increase, because of the risk that more customers will be in financial problems. The keen demand of the sophisticated tools for arbitration can also be envisaged during the transition, because of the instability of arbitration and currency caused by interregional imbalances
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